在某些情况下编写视图代码，正如我们所看到前面工作真的很繁重。想象一下，只需要一个静态页面或列表页。 Django还提供了一种简单的方法来设置这些简单的视图被称为泛型视图。
不同于传统的视图，一般的视图是一个类但没有函数。Django还提供了一组类 django.views.generic 泛型视图，以及每一个普通视图是这些类或从它们中的一个类继承的。
有10+泛型类?
# Filename : example.py # Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo # Author by : www.xxs100.com # Date : 2020-08-08 >>> import django.views.generic >>> dir(django.views.generic) ['ArchiveIndexView', 'CreateView', 'DateDetailView', 'DayArchiveView', 'DeleteView', 'DetailView', 'FormView', 'GenericViewError', 'ListView', 'MonthArchiveView', 'RedirectView', 'TemplateView', 'TodayArchiveView', 'UpdateView', 'View', 'WeekArchiveView', 'YearArchiveView', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', 'base', 'dates', 'detail', 'edit', 'list']
你可以使用泛型视图。让我们来看一些实例来看看它是如何工作的。
让我们从“static.html”模板发布静态页面。
我们的 static.html ?
# Filename : example.py # Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo # Author by : www.xxs100.com # Date : 2020-08-08 <html> <body> This is a static page!!! </body> </html>
如果我们这样做，按以前学过的方式，我们将不得不改变 myapp/views.py ?
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.xxs100.com
# Date : 2020-08-08
from django.shortcuts import render
def static(request):
return render(request, 'static.html', {})myapp/urls.py 如下 ?
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.xxs100.com
# Date : 2020-08-08
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
urlpatterns = patterns("myapp.views", url(r'^static/', 'static', name = 'static'),)最好的办法就是使用泛型视图。对于这一点，我们的 myapp/views.py 将变成为 ?
# Filename : example.py # Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo # Author by : www.xxs100.com # Date : 2020-08-08 from django.views.generic import TemplateView class StaticView(TemplateView): template_name = "static.html"
而我们的 myapp/urls.py 将如下 ?
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.xxs100.com
# Date : 2020-08-08
from myapp.views import StaticView
from django.conf.urls import patterns
urlpatterns = patterns("myapp.views", (r'^static/, StaticView.as_view()),) , StaticView.as_view()),)当访问 /myapp/static 将得到 ?
出于同样的结果，我们也可以，执行下列操作 ?
不需要修改 views.py 更改url.py文件为 -
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.xxs100.com
# Date : 2020-08-08
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
urlpatterns = patterns("myapp.views",
url(r'^static/',TemplateView.as_view(template_name = 'static.html')),)正如你所看到的，只需要改变url.py文件中的第二个方法。
我们要列出所有条目在Dreamreal模型。这样使用ListView泛型视图类变得容易。编辑url.py文件，并对其进行更新 -
# Filename : example.py # Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo # Author by : www.xxs100.com # Date : 2020-08-08 from django.views.generic import ListView from django.conf.urls import patterns, url urlpatterns = patterns( "myapp.views", url(r'^dreamreals/', ListView.as_view(model = Dreamreal, template_name = "dreamreal_list.html")), )
重要的是要注意，在这一点上是变量通由泛型视图到模板为object_list。如果你想自己的名字，将需要一个 context_object_name 参数添加到as_view方法。然后 url.py 成为 -
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.xxs100.com
# Date : 2020-08-08
from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
urlpatterns = patterns("myapp.views",
url(r'^dreamreals/', ListView.as_view(
template_name = "dreamreal_list.html")),
model = Dreamreal, context_object_name = ”dreamreals_objects” ,)然后关联的模板将成为 ?
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Nhooo
# Author by : www.xxs100.com
# Date : 2020-08-08
{% extends "main_template.html" %}
{% block content %}
Dreamreals:<p>
{% for dr in object_list %}
{{dr.name}}</p>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}访问 /myapp/dreamreals/ 将产生如下页面 ?